Skimming the surface of safety: the personal watercraft industry has done as little as possible to address well-known hazards of these popular vessels, and the government is steering a slow course to regulation.

Memorial Day weekend is meant to be a time to remember those who died while serving our nation. But for a mother named Cindy, that weekend marks a time to remember the death of her son, Scott. He did not die at war. Rather, Scott died in the middle of a Texas lake at the age of 16.

On Memorial Day weekend 2003, Scott and three of his friends borrowed four Sea-Doo personal watercraft (PWC) to ride around the lake, celebrating the end of the school year. It was only a matter of minutes before his friend Corey headed his Sea-Doo toward Scott, who was sitting on his idle craft. Corey instinctively released the throttle to slow the vessel and then attempted to turn away. But Corey's Sea-Doo would not turn or appropriately slow down, and it struck and fatally injured Scott.

Unfortunately, this accident is not unusual. And while the PWC industry would have the public believe that these small vessels are no more dangerous than other recreational watercraft, in reality PWC operators are injured 8.5 times as often as those operating other motorized watercraft. (1) Despite these staggering statistics, the industry remains poorly regulated, and manufacturers continue to stall any serious progress in improving PWC design.

PWCs are the only recreational water-craft associated with a leading cause of death in recreational boating accidents other than drowning. (2) In 2004, only 25 percent of PWC fatalities were due to drowning; all other deaths were the result of other injuries, (3) many caused by an off-throttle steering (OTS) hazard. Many PWC users die because of injuries caused by blunt force trauma, typically involving a collision with another vessel, a floating object, or a swimmer. (4)

One of the most serious PWC dangers is the possibility of steering loss when either the throttle is released or the vessel is in an off-power position. The PWC design requires the operator to react in a way that is contrary to human nature. When facing an imminent collision, an operator's natural instinct--especially if he or she is a novice--is to release the throttle in order to reduce speed, and then alter course, instead of engaging the throttle and turning. But these distinctive vessels--with a movable water jet, no rudder to control steering, and no brakes--do not respond the way many operators expect. (5) Counterintuitively, once the throttle is released, the operator loses the ability to control the vessel.

The popularity of PWCs--what most people know as Jet Skis, Sea-Doos, and WaveRunners--has skyrocketed over the past two decades. At the end of 2004, the National Marine Manufacturers Association estimated that nearly 1.5 million PWCs were in use in the United States. (6)

This should come as no surprise in light of PWC manufacturers' marketing, which depicts riders wake:jumping, turning sharply, and operating the vessels close to one another at high speeds. The four major manufacturers still making PWCs--Bombardier (Sea-Doo), Kawasaki (Jet Ski), Honda (AquaTrax), and Yamaha (WaveRunner)--target thrill-seekers looking to have a good time on the water. (7) …